May 182013
 

On Friday, May 17, fifty-four Colorado Sheriffs filed a civil rights lawsuit in Federal District Court in Denver, against two anti-gun bills passed by the Colorado legislature in March. Joining the Sheriffs as Plaintiffs are the Colorado Farm Bureau, disabled persons, Outdoor Buddies (an organization that helps disabled persons participate in outdoor sports), the Colorado Outfitters Association (the trade association for hunting guides), the National Shooting Sports Foundation (the trade association for the firearms industry), magazine manufacturer Magpul, federally-licensed firearms dealers, the state’s largest shooting range, the Colorado State Shooting Association (governing body for the shooting sports in Colorado), and Women for Concealed Carry. The Complaint is available here.

The lawsuit involves House Bill 1224 (a sweeping ban on magazines, including small magazines) and House Bill 1229 (an unworkable system of background checks for temporary transfers of firearms, and for private sales). The Complaint alleges violations of the Second Amendment, Fourteenth Amendment (vagueness), and Title II of the Americans with Disabilities Act.

A 38 minute video of the press conference announcing the suit is available on YouTube. In this case, I am representing the Sheriffs.

Friday afternoon, Grand County Sheriff Rodney Johnson joined the case, bringing the number of plaintiff Sheriffs to 55 out of the 62 elected County Sheriffs in Colorado. (Denver and Broomfield have appointed Sheriffs who run the jail, but do not have the comprehensive responsibilities of the elected Sheriffs.) The Complaint will be amended next week to reflect Sheriff Johnson’s participation.

 

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May 182013
 

My wife and I recently watched Star Trek: Into Darkness, the second in the series of J.J. Abrams-directed”reboot” Star Trek movies that began in 2009. On the plus side, the film had some impressive action scenes and special effects. It also had more and somewhat better character development than its predecessor. Long-time fans of the series might like the many clever nods to the original series from the 1960s. At the very least, the movie was fun to watch, and I think we got our money’s worth.

Nonetheless, the negatives outweigh the positives. Unsurprisingly, Into Darkness has most of the same flaws as the previous Abrams Star Trek movie, which I criticized here. Both films essential turn Star Trek into an action movie that just happens to utilize Trek characters and settings. I am far from an uncritical admirer of Star Trek as envisioned by Gene Roddenberry and his successors. Nor was I ever the kind of fanatical Trekkie who goes to conventions wearing Vulcan ears or signs up for classes at the Klingon Language Institute. But, despite its many flaws, I admired the Star Trek franchise’s willingness to take on big questions about the kind of future we should want for humanity. Abrams’ “reboot” essentially ignores all serious issues, and just ramps up the action. I don’t deny that a “reboot” may have been needed, given the poor quality of the last several old-line Star Trek movies; but not a reboot that jettisons almost everything that made Star Trek interesting and unique.

In addition, Into Darkness has huge plot holes big enough to fly a whole fleet of Romulan warbirds through. In the interest of avoiding spoilers, I won’t go through them in detail. I will only note that, for the Federation to get into the predicament that is the main focus of the plot, Star Fleet’s leadership would have to be ridiculously stupid. To take just one of many examples, it seems that Star Fleet Headquarters and Earth generally have no fixed defenses of any kind against incoming warships and missiles, even though previous history clearly established that such defenses are both feasible given the level of their technology, and clearly necessary, given previous enemy attacks. Yet none of the characters even mention this and other comparably ridiculous mistakes, not even the supposedly hyper-logical Mr. Spock (who makes some whopping errors of his own in the movie, which are also ignored by the other characters).

Perhaps the real implicit message of the reboot movies is to endorse the message of social critics who worry that advancing technology has bred a “generation of nincompoops”. Maybe the producers expect the nincompoopery to get even worse in the future, infecting Vulcans and Klingons as well as humans. Indeed, if the Klingons, Romulans, and other rivals of the Federation were minimally competent, it’s hard to understand how the Star Fleet portrayed in the reboot movies could possibly have become a major power in the galaxy. Maybe the “darkness” into which the Federation has descended is a severe outbreak of extreme stupidity among Star Fleet’s best and brightest. Although I strongly disagree with this kind of technopessimism, a science fiction series that seriously explored the idea that high technology leads to a “dumbed down” society might be interesting. Unfortunately, Abrams’ movies seem to raise the issue only unintentionally.

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May 182013
 

A very interesting question, raised in Intercollegiate Broadcasting System, Inc. v. Copyright Royalty Board, a certiorari petition now pending before the Court. Profs. John Duffy (Virginia), Peter Strauss (Columbia), and Michael Herz (Cardozo) — an illustrious trio who often take quite different views about other subjects — have an item about this at Concurring Opinions; here’s an excerpt (click on the Concurring Opinions post for links):

Earlier this year, more than 100,000 citizens petitioned the White House to overturn a copyright rule issued by the Librarian of Congress that made unlocking a cell phone a crime. The White House responded by promising to seek legislation to overturn the Librarian’s rule. That was the most the President would or could do because “[t]he law gives the Librarian the authority,” and the Administration would “respect that process,” even though the Librarian acted contrary to the Administration’s views. See here. As the New York Times reported, “because the Library of Congress, and therefore the copyright office, are part of the legislative branch, the White House cannot simply overturn the current ruling.” See here.

There’s only one problem with all of this: The Department of Justice has been vigorously arguing precisely the contrary constitutional position in the federal courts.

According to the Administration’s filings in litigation that has now reached the Supreme Court, the Library of Congress is “an executive Department,” and the Librarian himself is “subject to plenary oversight by the President.” Justice Department lawyers have explained that Congress made a “purposeful decision to place the Library under the President’s direct control and supervision”; that the Librarian of Congress is the “Head” of this “executive Department”; that the President may remove the Librarian “at will” just as he may remove other heads of executive departments; and that this removal power creates the Librarian’s “here-and-now subservience” to the President. See pages 16 17 of the Government’s Brief in Opposition filed at the Supreme Court, available here and pages 23, 29 37 the Government’s Brief for Appellees filed in the Court of Appeals, available here.

In light of that clear legal position, an obvious question arises: If the Librarian is really a head of an executive Department subject to “plenary oversight by the President,” why hasn’t the President either taken responsibility for criminalizing cell phone unlocking or ordered the Librarian to reverse his decision?

The answer is that no one in the political arena actually believes for one minute that the Librarian is the head of an executive department. The current Librarian has repeatedly testified to Congress that the Library is “arm of the United States Congress,” “a “branch of the Legislative branch,” and “a unique part of the Legislative Branch of the government.” Members of Congress also understand this to be true. To take but one prominent example, Senator Orrin Hatch has noted not only that “the Copyright Office is in the legislative branch of the Government” but also that this arrangement presents difficulty because “whenever the Copyright Office is tasked with an executive-type function, [a] constitutional question arises.”

The President’s supposed powers of “plenary oversight” and at-will removal are utter fiction, as the controversy about cell phone unlocking shows….

Why then are the Administration’s lawyers arguing that the Librarian is a presidential underling? The answer is easy. The Librarian has been vested with the power to appoint all of the officers who execute the copyright laws—including the Registrar of Copyrights and the judges of the Copyright Royalty Board—but the “Appointments Clause” of the Constitution makes clear that such power can be lodged in the Librarian only if he is the head of an Executive Department….

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May 172013
 

Floyd Abrams was invited to say a few words about his latest book Friend of the Court: On the Front Lines with the First Amendment (Yale University Press, 2013). His comments are set forth below.

When one tries to determine which of his articles, speeches, testimony, letters, reviews and the like over a 45-year period are worth publishing in book form, the choices are not easy. It’s not that there are so many imperishable morsels; passing the ugly question of whether anything is worth publishing, there remains the far more prosaic issue of which issues remain live ones, and which positions are worth rearguing.

I had, for example, been dubious about whether to include my 2005 testimony before the Senate Committee on the Judiciary in favor of adopting a federal shield law for journalists and more dubious still about including a 1979 speech (the oldest offering in the book) about the same subject. But I thought the issue, rather quiescent in the past few years, could well resurface in the years to come — and then came the Department of Justice with its breathtakingly subpoenas to the telephone companies that serve Associated Press. I cannot offer thanks, but I am appreciative.

So, too, with privacy issues. The conflicting claims of disclosure and privacy have led to far less litigation than I had expected. I decided, nonetheless, to include a speech I gave that is quite critical of the most celebrated and cited law review article ever written, the classic Brandeis-Warren paean to privacy published in the Harvard Law Review in 1890. The renewed discussion, after the terrorist explosions at the Boston Marathon this year, about the amount of cameras that film so many of our activities, has led to renewed discussion of various aspects of privacy and I am pleased that I included at least one article of mine weighing in on the subject.

Probably the most eclectic chapter in Friend of the Court is the first which deals, in a variety of ways, with state censorship. The first entry , one of my favorites, is an introduction I wrote to a book of New York Times articles published throughout the twentieth century about censorship here and abroad.

Starting with the observation that “[t]here is a terrible logic to state censorship,” I seek to summarize highpoints of a book which brims with life as it describes in real time political censorship in Hitler’s Germany and Stalin’s Soviet Union, theatrical censorship in England and France, and what would now be viewed as unthinkable censorship in our own nation.( A laconic description of a hearing in New York in 1921 in which a “story entitled ‘Ulysses’ “ which was “the product of one Joyce” was ordered banned because “parts of the story seemed to be harmful to the morals of the community” is particularly memorable). From there, the book moves to a debate I had with Professor Catherine MacKinnon about censorship, chaired by Anthony Lewis, to congressional testimony about free trade in ideas; a summary of the Brooklyn Museum case; two book reviews; and a letter defending the ACLU against charges that it had wrongfully defended Nazi speech in the Skokie Case. It is a busy chapter.

Other chapters are narrower in scope, dealing with American free speech law vis-à-vis that of other nations (particularly the United Kingdom); the First Amendment and national security; and libel, privacy, copyright and other areas of continuing conflict. Particularly controversial, I suppose, is my defense (sometimes a lonely one) of the Citizens United ruling and my criticism of Julian Assange for what I believe to be his repeated recklessness in determining what documents to release.

A number of the offerings include significant criticism of the press and sometimes its purported defenders. In that respect, a major theme of the book is my concern about what I believe is the far too politicized way First Amendment views are formulated and expressed. Historically, the American Right has been either indifferent to First Amendment claims or resistant to them. In more recent days, however, the Right has supported First Amendment claims that have been consistent with its adherents’ ideological overview. Motivations aside, I think this has served First Amendment interests well. At the same time, the Left has seemed to me far too prepared to subordinate libertarian First Amendment interests to other interests.

I quote twice in the book from a passage of Isaiah Berlin that I find particularly powerful: “Everything is what it is: liberty is liberty, not equality or fairness or justice or culture or human happiness or a quiet conscience.” I criticized The Nation, for example, for complaining that the “wrong side” keeps “winding up with the First Amendment in its corner” and urged it to rethink its “political positions to avoid being on the wrong side of the First Amendment.”

I conclude Friend of the Court with a plea to all that I believe is consistent with the whole book: “Is it really too much to ask that those who claim that they care about the First Amendment—everybody, that is—stand in favor of free speech even when the speech at issue pains them ideologically?”

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IRS Disclosure Was Planted

From the moment of the initial disclosure of IRS targeting of conservative groups, observers have speculated about the timing and location of the disclosure. Could this really have been an unplanned, impromptu remark? No. In fact, the question was planted and Lois Lerner’s statement was pre-planned. As additional information trickles it out, it is also becoming clearer that the actions at issue were more widespread, and more widely known within the agency, than initially suggested. Lerner herself sent at least [Read More]

Audio of My Discussion of the Supreme Court with Prof. Eric Segall on Stand Up! With Pete Dominick

Sirius Satellite Radio has posted the audio of my recentdiscussion of the Supreme Court with George State University Professor Eric Segall on Stand Up! With Pete Dominick. The audio is available here. Much of the discussion focuses on general issues of constitutional theory and the extent to which the Supreme Court is or is not politicized, which I recently wrote about in this article. But towards the end, we also talked about the gay marriage cases currently before the Court, [Read More]

A Cautionary Tale for Young Lawyers

Prof. Dennis Crouch, at the respected and often-cited Patently-O blog, had a post several weeks ago with a heading that was good advice, Don’t Write This Letter to the Patent Office: We all get frustrated. After an examiner rejected his client’s application for a telescoping tripod sprinkler, patent attorney Andrew Schroeder could no longer resist and filed the following remarks: REMARKS: Are you drunk? No, seriously…are you drinking scotch and whiskey with a side of crack cocaine while you “examine” [Read More]

Upcoming Radio Appearance Discussing my Forthcoming Book Democracy and Political Ignorance

Next Monday at 7 AM eastern time (probably rebroadcasting at that time in other time zones), I will be on Stand Up! with Pete Dominick on Sirius XM Satellite Radio, discussing my forthcoming book Democracy and Political Ignorance: Why Smaller Government is Smarter, which will be published by Stanford University Press in early fall (probably September or early October). Stanford UP has created a website for the book. You can, if you like, preorder the book there. We even have [Read More]

First Circuit Rules That Police Need a Warrant to Search A Cell Phone Incident to Arrest

I’ve blogged a few times about the substantial lower court division on whether the police can search a seized cell phone incident to arrest without a warrant under the Fourth Amendment. Today the First Circuit further deepened the split in United States v. Wurie by holding that a warrant is required. With Wurie today and the Florida Supreme Court’s decision in Smallwood a few weeks ago, I would think that Supreme Court review of this legal question is highly likely [Read More]

No, the IRS Is Not an “Independent Agency”

Responding to press questions about the IRS scandal, White House spokesperson Jay Carney claimed that the IRS is an “independent agency.” At the Federalist Society’s new Executive Branch Review blog, former Assistant Attorney General Eileen O’Connor, who oversaw the Justice Department’s Tax Division, explains that Carney was quite wrong on this point. Most Executive Branch departments are headed by a Cabinet Secretary (except for the Department of Justice, which is headed by the Attorney General of the United States) who [Read More]